Preface  6
Foreword  7
1. Introduction  9
1.1. Subject of rock mass mechanics  9
1.2. Mechanical and rheological properties of rocks  11
1.3. Strength hypotheses  21
2. Primary state of stress in rocks  31
2.1. Influence of gravity force  31
2.2. Influence of tectonic forces  34
3. State of tension in a rock mass in the vicinity of dog headings  36
3.1. Lame’s problem  36
3.2. Elastic systems  41
3.2.1. General remarks  41
3.2.2. Working of the circular cross-section  42
3.2.3. Working of rectangular intersection  51
3.2.4. Working of elliptic intersection  55
3.2.5. Theory of pressure arch  57
3.2.6. Heading working in heterogeneous rock mass  59
3.3. Elastic-plastic-viscous systems  61
3.3.1. Circular working  61
3.4. Elastic system with the fracture region  66
3.4.1. Equilibrium of loose and coherent media  66
3.4.2. Hypothesis of effort for brittle materials  71
3.4.3. State of stresses in the neighbourhood of a circular working in fractured rock mass  71
4. Pressure of rocks on a working lining  76
4.1. Preliminary remarks. Static pressure  76
4.1.1. Protodiakonov’s theory  76 
4.1.2. Cymbariewicz’ theory  79
4.1.3. Bierbaumer’s theory  79 
4.2. Deformation pressure (Sałustowicz)  81
4.2.1. Kelvin’s medium  82
4.2.2. Maxwell’s medium  88
4.2.3. Other media  90
4.2.4. Plastic and loose media  90
4.3. Calculation of the lining at roof pressure  93
4.4. Calculation of the lining vault  94
4.5. Calculation of the lining of elliptic shape  97
5. Pressure of the rock mass on the shaft lining  102
5.1. State of tension in rocks in the neighbourhood of shafts  102
5.2. Pressure on the shaft lining in a loose medium  103
5.3. Pressure on the shaft lining in the plastic rock mass  105
6. State of tension in the rock mass in the neighbourhood of mining workings  108
6.1. General remarks on excavation of deposits  108
6.2. Classification of roof rocks  109
6.3. Theory of pressure wave  110
6.4. Excavation with filling  116
6.5. Distribution of stresses in the excavated seam  127
6.6. Selection of the excavation system depending on properties of roof rocks  129
6.7. General characteristic of tension state in the rock mass at an excavation of deposits  131
6.8. Cooperation of lining with rock mass in an excavation working  133
6.9. Cleavage and its meaning for mining of rocks  134
7. Magnitude and rock mass pressure distribution in seam leftovers  137
7.1. Distribution of pressure in pillar  137
7.2. Strength of pillars  140
7.3. Excavation of salt deposits  142
7.4. Calculating the width of pillar between two workings in the undisturbed rock mass  145
7.4.1. First method  146
7.4.2. Second method  149
7.5. State of tension in the rock mass below or above left pillars  151
7.6. Interaction of simultaneous exploitation of several seams  157
8. Bumps  159
8.1. Nature of bumps  159
8.2. Occurrence of bumps  159 
8.3. Bumps in the light of rheological investigations  162
8.4. Prevention of bumps  164
9. Influence of mining workings on the terrain surface  166
9.1. General features of the excavation influence on surface  166
9.2. Influence of heading works  168
9.3. Displacements of the points at terrain surface above the edge of excavated seam  172
9.4. Inclination of terrain  175
9.5. Curvature of the profile of subsidence trough  175
9.6. Specific horizontal strains  177
9.7. Course of the surface point subsidence in time  179
9.8. Determination of the subsidence velocity coefficient  182
9.9. Influence of velocity of deposit extraction  183
9.10. Decreasing the influences of underground excavation on the surface  184
9.11. Leaving the protecting pillars  184
9.12. The smallest dimensions of protecting pillar  186
9.13. Determination of protecting pillars on the basis of admissible magnitude of terrain deformation  187
Appendix.Guidelines of determining protecting pillars for objects, installations and terrains within the hard coal mining area of the Upper Silesian and Lower Silesian Basin  189
References  197