Monograph "Introduction to Drilling Engineering" was written to introduce chosen drilling problems. Its main subject is drilling as a necessary background for understanding detailed problems in petroleum engineering, production or another petroleum issues. The text composition refers to components of the petroleum knowledge giving fi rst of all a knowledge in physical understanding of the most important processes infl uencing drilling engineering. Monograph describes wide view on technical and technological problems including also geological and reservoir conditions.
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Introduction 7
1. Basics of Petroleum Geology 9
1.1. Petroleum system 9
1.2. Organic matter and source rock formation 9
1.3. Petroleum source rocks and hydrocarbon generation process 10
1.4. Subsurface pressures 16
1.5. Primary migration 17
1.6. Reservoir rocks and their petrophysical properties 19
1.7. Secondary migration 24
1.8. Petroleum seal rocks 26
1.9. Trap formation 27
1.10. Hydrocarbon accumulations 31
1.11. Natural drive mechanisms 34
1.12. Hydrocarbon reserve calculation 34
1.13. Destruction of hydrocarbon accumulations – dismigration 36
2. Drilling Related Rock Mechanics 38
Introduction 38
2.1. Stress State 38
2.2. Wellbore Stability 43
2.3. Determination of stress in directional wells 45
2.4. Calculation of the stability of the hole according to the modifi ed Lade criteria 47
2.5. Calculation of the stability of the hole according to the criterion of Mohr–Coulomb 49
3. Drilling Technique and Technology 50
Introduction 50
3.1. Drill string 50
3.2. Casing of oil and gas industry wellbore 58
3.3. Drilling bit 67
3.4. Drill bit operating parameters 88
3.5. Units in drilling 92
4. Oil Reservoir Production 107
Introduction 107
4.1. Reservoir and fl uid properties – characteristics and method of determination 108
4.2. Primary recovery mechanisms 115
4.3. Methods of oil exploitation 120
4.4. Reservoir deliverability 123
4.5. Artifi cial lift methods 127
5. Defi nitions and Terms 129