This book is intended for use as a textbook in the first course in fluid mechanics for students of various engineering specialties, such as mechanical, civil, biomedical, mining, petrochemical and others. The author also hopes that it will become a reference book for practicing engineers.
The presented text assumes that students have an adequate background in calculus, physics and engineering mechanics. The main objectives are to cover basic principles of fluid mechanics but also to present numerous real-world engineering examples to give students a feel of how fluid mechanics is applied in engineering practice. The author wants the reader to develop an intuitive understanding of fluid mechanics by emphasizing basic physics and showing how most of the formulas can be derived from Newton's laws of motion.
The book is divided into two volumes. Volume One presents the basic principles and shows the relations of all fluid mechanics concepts to three basic conservations laws: conservation of mass, energy and momentum. Specifically, volume one includes discussion of hydrostatics, fluid kinematics, Bernoulli Equation, analysis of linear and angular momentum and Navier-Stokes equation. Volume Two concentrates on practical applications and includes a detailed presentation of flow in pipes with many engineering examples, then flow over bodies, turbomachinery and methods of flow measurements. In order to show also how modern tools are used in engineering practice, we included chapters on two-phase flow and introduction to CFD (computational fluid dynamics).
- Spis treści
-
Introduction 5
1. Fluids in Rigid Body Motion 7
1.1. Pressure in Fluids Moving as a Solid Body 7
1.2. Fluid at Rest 10
1.3. Free Fall of a Fluid Body 10
1.4. Fluid Accelerating on a Straight Path 12
1.5. Fluid Rotated in a Cylindrical Container 15
2. Flow in Pipes 21
2.1. Laminar and Turbulent Flow 22
2.2. Laminar Flow in Pipes 25
2.3. Turbulent Flow in Pipes 35
2.4. Piping Networks 60
2.5. Pump Selection 66
2.6. Practical Project – Designing the Piping System with Pump Selection 80
3. External Flow – Flow over Bodies 85
3.1. Drag Force 86
3.2. Lift 99
3.3. Magnus Effect 106
4. Flow Rate Measurement 111
4.1. Volumetric Flow Rate 111
4.2. Flow Rate and Velocity Measuring Devices 113
4.3. Selection and Maintenance of Flowmeters 131
5. Turbomachinery – Classification and Terminology 135
5.1. Radial Flow Devices 137
5.2. Tangential Flow Devices 142
5.3. Axial Flow Devices 144
6. Two-Phase Flow – Main Concepts and Terminology 147
6.1. Common Examples of Two-Phase Flow 147
6.2. Definitions and Quantitative Relations 148
6.3. Two-Phase Flow Patterns 151
6.4. Modeling Two-Phase Flows 157
6.5. Boiling 161
6.6. Condensation 164
7. Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 166
7.1. CFD as a Supplement to Experimental Techniques 167
7.2. Advantages and Limitations of CFD 168
7.3. Basics of CFD 169
7.4. Laminar CFD Calculations 189
7.5. Modeling Turbulence 193
Glossary 199
Appendix 212
Bibliography 213