The book is a comprehensive interdisciplinary study combining knowledge of materials science and methods with historical knowledge of ancient glass. This is a difficult subject and still not very common. At the same time, it requires an interdisciplinary approach, knowledge of archaeology, history and concerning engineering research methods. There are not many studies in the materials engineering literature on material analysis of various archaeological artefacts. This book contains a wealth of information that will certainly prove useful to conservation historians. The interdisciplinary study of archaeological artefacts using materials engineering research methods is still a new field and there is still a paucity of literature studies on the subject. The monograph presented here fills this gap.
The aim of the study was to diagnose glass objects within the relevant conservation standards and to obtain information which was useful directly for both conservators andhistorians. Thanks to the existence of numerous materials science research methods, it was possible to choose the most appropriate one for the particular object. It was a unique approach to the problem of the analysis of historical glass fragments. The effectiveness of the methodology developed was based on an individual approach to each element being examined, starting with the selection of analytical methods suitable for each element, and finishing with the production its analog, known as a glass sensor. The investigations presented here relate mainly to the use of materials science in the study of glass corrosion, carried out in collaboration with historians, conservators and archaeologists.
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From the author 7
Chapter I. Old glass and its durability 11
I.1. Introduction 11
I.2. Glass corrosion 13
I.3. Archaeometry in the protection of cultural heritage 33
Chapter I bibliography 34
Chapter II. Results of analysis of selected historical glass 37
II.1. Windowpanes from the 3rd century AD 37
Sub-Chapter II.1 bibliography 45
II.2. Celtic glass 46
II.2.1. Introduction 46
II.2.2. Decolouring Celtic glass 49
II.2.3. Colouring cobalt-blue Celtic bracelets 71
Sub-Chapter II.2 bibliography 78
II.3. Medieval stained glass from the 14th century 79
Sub-Chapter II.3 bibliography 97
II.4. Crown glass 98
Sub-Chapter II.4 bibliography 111
II.5. Glass decorations 111
II.5.1. Introduction 111
II.5.2. Glass decorative elements on the St. Stanislaus mitre 113
II.5.3. Picture of the Virgin Mary with Child 123
II.5.4. Glass decorations on a Levite gown 128
Sub-Chapter II.5 bibliography 134
II.6. The Biecz altar decorated with verre églomisé 134
II.6.1. Introduction 134
II.6.2. Analysis of the glass elements of the Biecz altar 135
Sub-Chapter II.6 bibliography 147
II.7. Glass-metal connections 147
II.7.1. Introduction 147
II.7.2. Excavated rings made of glass and metal 150
II.7.3. 14th century enamel from LIMOGES applied onto copper 165
Sub-Chapter II.7 bibliography 190
II.8. 18th and 19th century chandeliers 191
II.8.1. Introduction 191
II.8.2. Analysis of 18th and 19th century chandelier elements 192
Sub-Chapter II.8 bibliography 201
Chapter III. Monitoring the display conditions of historical glass 203
III.1. Introduction 203
III.2. The glass sensor method 203
Sub-Chapter III.1–2 bibliography 209
III.3. Monitoring temperature with thermovision 210
Sub-Chapter III.3 bibliography 223
Chapter IV. Summary of results 225
IV.1. Introduction 225
IV.2. Discovering the methods used for creating and decorating historical glass 226
Acknowledgements 231
Selected extracts from reviews 233
Selected colour illustrations 235